Answers to the following questions are available.
SECTION 1:
Why were the British able to replace the Mughals as the dominant force in the Sub-Continent by 1850?
SECTION 1:
Why were the British able to replace the Mughals as the dominant force in the Sub-Continent by 1850?
Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the reign of Aurangzeb.
Explain why the successors of Aurangzeb failed to prevent the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the death of Aurangzeb.
Why did Shah Wali Ullah wish to revive Islam in the sub-continent?
Why did Shah Wali Ullah have such an important influence on the revival of Islam in the subcontinent?
Why did Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barailvi have such a major influence on the revival of Islam in the subcontinent?
Why were there attempts to revive Islam in the sub-continent during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?
Why did Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi conduct a Jihad against Sikhs in the early nineteenth century?
Why did Haji Shariat Ullah found the Faraizi Movement?
Why did Haji Shariat Ullah have such a major influence on the revival of Islam in the Eastern part of subcontinent?
Briefly explain three reasons for the War of Independence of 1857.
Why did the War of Independence of 1857 fail? OR Why did the Indians not achieve independence in 1857?
Why did the British Government take control of the affairs of the East India Company in the early nineteenth century?
Why was Britain so successful in expanding its control of the sub-continent between 1750 and 1850?
Why did the Indian sub-continent attract European traders in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries?
Why did the War of Independence of 1857 fail?
Explain the reasons for the failure of the war of Independence 1857–58.
Explain why the East India Company got involved in the sub-continent during the seventeenth century.
Why did the East India Company became involved in the Indian sub-continent during the seventeenth century?
Why did Sir Syed Ahmed Khan wish to improve relations between the Muslims and the British?
Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wish to develop a better understanding with the British following the War of Independence (1857–58)?
Why did Sir Syed Ahmed Khan develop his ‘Two Nation Theory’?
Why did Sir Syed Ahmad Khan found the Aligarh Movement?
Explain why Urdu was chosen as the national language of Pakistan in 1947.
Why have regional languages been promoted by the Pakistan government since 1947?
Explain the choice of Urdu in 1947 as the national language of Pakistan.
SECTION 2:
Why was the Muslim League founded in 1906?
Why was the Simla Delegation of 1906 an important turning point for the Muslims of the subcontinent?
Why did Congress oppose the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909?
Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905?
How did the Hindus oppose the Partition of Bengal between 1905 and 1911?
Why did the British decide to reverse the partition of Bengal in 1911?
Why was the partition of Bengal reversed in 1911?
Explain why the Lucknow Pact of 1916 was made.
Why was the Khilafat Movement founded?
Explain why the Khilafat Movement had failed by 1924.
Why did Jinnah produce his 14 Points in 1929?
Why was the Cripps Mission of 1942 unsuccessful?
Why were three Round Table Conferences held between 1930 and 1932?
Why was it necessary to hold three Round Table Conferences (1930–32)?
Why was the Second Round Table Conference of 1931 unsuccessful?
Why was the Government of India Act of 1935 so important to the future of the sub-continent?
Why was there so much opposition to the Government of India Act of 1935?
Why was Congress Rule of 1937–39 so hated by the Muslims?
Why was the Day of Deliverance in 1939 celebrated?
Why was Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal an important influence on the struggle for a separate homeland for Pakistan?
Why was Chaudhri Rehmat Ali an important influence on the struggle for a separate homeland for Pakistan?
Why was the ‘Quit India’ Movement formed in 1942?
Why did the Gandhi-Jinnah Talks fail in 1944?
SECTION 3:
SECTION 2:
Why was the Muslim League founded in 1906?
Why was the Simla Delegation of 1906 an important turning point for the Muslims of the subcontinent?
Why did Congress oppose the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909?
Why was Bengal partitioned in 1905?
How did the Hindus oppose the Partition of Bengal between 1905 and 1911?
Why did the British decide to reverse the partition of Bengal in 1911?
Why was the partition of Bengal reversed in 1911?
Explain why the Lucknow Pact of 1916 was made.
Why was the Khilafat Movement founded?
Explain why the Khilafat Movement had failed by 1924.
Why did Jinnah produce his 14 Points in 1929?
Why was the Cripps Mission of 1942 unsuccessful?
Why were three Round Table Conferences held between 1930 and 1932?
Why was it necessary to hold three Round Table Conferences (1930–32)?
Why was the Second Round Table Conference of 1931 unsuccessful?
Why was the Government of India Act of 1935 so important to the future of the sub-continent?
Why was there so much opposition to the Government of India Act of 1935?
Why was Congress Rule of 1937–39 so hated by the Muslims?
Why was the Day of Deliverance in 1939 celebrated?
Why was Dr Allama Muhammad Iqbal an important influence on the struggle for a separate homeland for Pakistan?
Why was Chaudhri Rehmat Ali an important influence on the struggle for a separate homeland for Pakistan?
Why was the ‘Quit India’ Movement formed in 1942?
Why did the Gandhi-Jinnah Talks fail in 1944?
SECTION 3:
Where are the answers
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ReplyDeleteWhy were the British able to replace the Mughals as the dominant force in the sub-continent by 1850? [7]
ReplyDeleteThe most important reason is that Indians were not united as a nation against the invaders. India was a collection of disunited states with religious and cultural differences. The rulers plotted against each other and fought among themselves. Many of them were seeking protection from the British who had come there for establishing their own empire. A number of local rulers and princely states provided support to the British when they were fighting against the Mughals or other provincial nawabs.
The British were good planners of war strategies, they were equipped with latest warfare tools and naval equipment and had well-trained armies. They had enough financial resources and could afford fighting long costly wars. They used efficient means of communications e.g. railways for quick deployment of their troops. So they were technologically much more advanced than Indians. Furthermore, they were highly committed in expanding the British Empire.
Thirdly, many Indians gained benefits by trading with the British. They appreciated the development of infrastructure facilities like roads, schools, hospitals and thousands of miles of railway network. The British irrigated millions of acres of land and provided jobs to a great number of Indians. So businessmen, traders and moderate Indians were convenient with the British rule and cooperated accordingly.
Explain why the Mughal Empire declined following the reign of Aurangzeb.(7)
ReplyDeleteWeak administration was one important cause of the downfall of Mughals. Until the reign of Aurangzeb, Mughal Empire had extended to a vast area. After Aurangzeb, the Empire became weak and provinces went out of control of the Mughal kings. Communication with different parts of the Empire was not an easy job and the rebellions used to break out often. The government was to spend huge amount of income to overcome these problems. This financial burden further increased due to succession wars between the Mughal princes. The succession wars took place due to the lack of succession law and also due to the greed of the princes. These resulted in the disintegration and disunity of Mughals and a huge financial loss.
Unlimited power and wealth made the Mughals lazy and pleasure seeking. They used to spend huge amounts on their clothes, food, jewellery and other expenditures. They broke the Islamic principles of simple life and involved in immoral activities. The Mughals thought that they were invincible. They fought with the outdated weapons and old war techniques. Due to this, they had to suffer in their wars against Marathas, Nadir Shah, Ahmed Shah and the British. The power and wealth made the nobility so strong that they went out of the control of the Emperor. They stopped giving income to the Emperor. The attacks of Marathas, Nadir Shah and Ahmed Shah made the Mughals virtually bankrupt.
The strength of the British was another cause of the downfall of Mughals. Until 1750, The East India Company did not involve in active politics and concentrated on making more wealth and more power. They defeated their European rivals the French. Within hundred years, the entire India was in their control. The British were organized and disciplined. They had national spirit. Due to industrial revolution, they were producing best weapons in large quantity. EIC was supported by the rich British Government. The British understood the weaknesses of Indians. They bribed them and played the game of diplomacy. On the other hand, Mughals were lacking these qualities and they could not resist the British.
Explain why the successors of Auragzeb failed to prevent the decline of Mughal Empire? [7]
ReplyDeleteFirstly, Aurangzeb's successors fought for succession to the throne which seriously undermined the military and financial strengths of the empire. Many important personalities who were capable of running the affairs of the state lost their lives in these wars.
The successors of Aurangzeb were pleasure-loving and did not take serious interests in the affairs of the empire. They gave all the powers to their ministers and nawabs who governed the state according to their own interests and wishes. They were extravagant in spite of poor economical conditions. They spent a lot of money on finest dresses, jewelry and foods. They used to serve a number of dishes in official invitations.
They gave no attention to the development of modern warfare tools, military training and naval technology. Due to their weak military position, they could not defend the empire against external invasions and internal rebellions.
Why did Shah Wali Ullah wish to revive Islam in the sub-continent? [7]
ReplyDelete[Purifying Islam] During Shah Wali Ullah’s time, Islam had lost its purity in the subcontinent. Hindu customs, practices and beliefs had crept into the worships and lives of the Muslims. It had become very important to tell the Muslims what was Islamic and what were simply myths and traditions.
[Cause of Downfall] He believed that the real cause of Muslims’ decline was their ignorance from the teachings of Quran and Sunnah. He wanted the Muslims to implement Islamic teachings in all spheres of their lives – social, political, economic and religious. This would enable them to restore their pride and improve their living conditions.
[Reforming the Society] A number of social evils had corrupted the Islamic society. He wanted to transform the society in the light of Islamic teachings. He wanted the rulers to enforce Islamic laws e.g. Islam condemns social injustice and protects the rights of peasants and workers. He urged the rich Muslims to lead pure life and stay away from luxury and extravagance. He also urged the traders to follow Islamic laws in their dealings. He wanted to eradicate the sectarian differences that were undermining the foundations of Muslim unity.
[Protecting Muslim Identity] Shah Wali Ullah wanted to protect Muslim religion, identity, values and interests. He believed that under the influence of infidels, Muslims will forget Islam and with the passage of time it would become difficult to distinguish them from non-Muslims. He therefore wished to revive the teachings of Quran and Sunnah in the subcontinent.
Why did Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi conduct a Jihad against Sikhs in the early nineteenth century? [7]
ReplyDeleteFreedom is the right of every human being particularly from cruel and oppressive rulers. Muslims peasants were leading oppressed lives under the exploitation of Hindu landlords and tax collectors. They were humiliated and ill-treated. Their properties, lives and dignity were not safe from the hands of Hindus and Sikhs. Syed Ahmed Shaheed Barelvi (SASB) wanted to restore their pride, respect and living conditions. That is why he started Jihad to win freedom for the Muslims so that they could lead lives according to their own wishes.
In the Sikh regime under Ranjit Singh in Punjab, Muslims had restrictions in practicing their faith - even the call to prayers was banned in some places. This was not tolerable! Muslim culture, values and religion were in danger. Syed Ahmed believed that an independent state was necessary for having religious liberty. Therefore, he started armed struggle (Jihad) to get rid of the Sikh rulers.
SASB wanted to restore the supremacy of Islamic ideology and to establish a system that was to be based of Islamic principles. He, therefore, revived the desire of Jihad in the Muslims of India, made an army of volunteers and gave them military training. Jihad is obligatory part of Muslim faith. A martyr has been promised very prestigious position in the Hereafter.
Haji shariatullah started Faraizi movement because he was shocked to observe the deplorable conditions of his countrymen. He stressed them to come one the right path of Islamic injections and these injustice were called as Faraizi movement.
ReplyDeleteThe basic objective of the movement was to eliminate the Un-islamic customs and traditions which were prevailing among the Bengali Muslims.
After the death of Haji shariatullah his son Mohammad Mohsin alias Doda mian Forwarded Farizi movement.
hope this helps. if i found out the answers then i'll probably share
ReplyDeletewhy there were attempts to revive islam in the subcontinent during the 17th to 18th century .
ReplyDeleteExaminer Comments: Part (c) focused on why Shah WaliUllah and others had such an
important influence on the revival of Islam in the sub-continent. Many answers were to the
point and relevant, dealing with such issues as the translation of the Holy Quran, Quranic
teachings and the need for strong leadership. However, many failed to recognise that this
question required them to address the work of others during this time. In consequence,
their answers were restricted to a Level 3 mark. It is important that candidates read
questions carefully and answer the one that has been set.
Marking Scheme: Explains 2 or more factors (SWU to be included for max marks). Also
produces a judgement or evaluation.
SWU felt that the Muslims faced many problems because of their ignorance about Islam
and
the Holy Quran. He encouraged them to concentrate on Quranic teachings and helped
them by translating the Holy Quran into Persian which was the main language of the
Muslims at that time. His books were designed to spread the principles of Islam amongst
the Muslims. SASB spread Islam through the Jihad Movement, which was to become an
armed struggle to liberate the Punjab and the NWF from Sikh rule largely because
Muslims were banned from prayer and had to undergo many humiliations, which made it
difficult to practise their religion. HSU spread Islam through the Faraizi Movement which
insisted that Muslims should perform their faraiz (religious obligations). This alarmed the
Hindu landlords who were unhappy with the Muslim practices. A huge group of followers
grew which were called ‘Faraizis’.
you can also add in these para
Shah WaliUllah felt that the Muslims faced many problems because of their ignorance
about Islam and the Holy Quran. He encouraged them to concentrate on Quranic
teachings and helped them by translating the Holy Quran into Persian which was the
main language of the Muslims at that time. His books were designed to spread the
principles of Islam amongst the Muslims. However he was not the only one who was
important in the spread of Islam at this time. Syed Ahmed ShaheedBrailvi spread Islam
through the Jihad Movement, which was to become an armed struggle to liberate the
Punjab and the NWFP from Sikh rule largely because Muslims were banned from prayer
and had to undergo many humiliations, which made it difficult to practise their religion.
Haji ShariatUllah spread Islam through the Faraizi Movement which insisted that
Muslims should perform their faraiz (religious obligations). This alarmed the Hindu
landlords who were unhappy with the Muslim practices. A huge group of followers grew
which were called ‘Faraizis’.
ReplyDeleteQ8: Why did Shah Waliullah have such major influence in the revival of Islam in the Sub-Continent? [7] ANS: Shah Waliullah worked hard to ensure that he was a role model for other Muslims. His deep understanding about the Quran, Hadith, Fiqah and Tasawuf made him a highly knowledgeable scholar at an early age. Since he believed that an emphasis on Quranic teachings was vital to Muslims so Shah Waliullah translated the Holy Quran into Persian which was the language of educated Muslims at that time. He also wrote 51 books to explain the principles of Islam. He wrote an account about the first for Caliphs of Islam in a way in which it was acceptable to both Shias and Sunnis. He hoped that this would help to heal the division between them. His writings brought him great fame and prestige and enabled him to have influence in other areas too. For example: in economics he emphasized the need for social justice and for peasants and craftsmen to be truly valued for their contribution to the economy. Shah Waliullah wrote letters to the rulers of Muslim states asking them to unite and rise against non-Muslim forces. He invited the Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali to deal with Marathas who were threatening Muslims in Delhi and Punjab. Ahmad Shah Abdali defeated the Marathas in the battle of Panipat in 1761 so they were never able to rise again. Shah Waliullah explained the importance of JEHADto the Muslims. He gave the concept of social justice and advised the Muslims that due importance and value should be given to peasants and craftsmen. So, because of these reasons Shah Waliullah had such major influence in the revival of Islam in the Sub-Continent in 18th Century.Q: What did Shah Waliullah think were the main causes of the problems of the Muslims? [4] ANS: During his time in Arabia, Shah Waliullah thought deeply about the problems faced by Muslims in the Mughal Empire. The Empire was in decline and Muslims were disunited and vulnerable to attacks on their religion. Shah Waliullah realized that reform could not come from the weak leadership in Delhi and that it would come from within the Muslim community itself. He believed that many of the problems resulted from their incomplete knowledge of Quran and about Islam in general-and it was necessary thatQuranic teachings become more accessible to the people. A major problem for the Muslim community was the way it was divided into sectarian groups, such as Sunnis and Shias. Shah Waliullah wanted them to concentrate on the fundamental principles of Islam and put aside their differences, believing that this would create a more united community. It was essential to follow the moral and spiritual principles of Islam in order to create a good society. Un-Islamic principles were not acceptable in any area of society, whether politics, economy or just the day-to-day lives of the individual Muslims.
Much more details required
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